Syntax units in the Ukrainian language (on the material of the poem “The Aeneid” by Ivan Kotlyarevsky)

Abstract

Recently, there has been a marked increase in the interest of researchers in the question of three syntactic units in the Ukrainian language in domestic
linguistics. Scientists believe that syntactic concepts should be viewed not only from a formal and grammatical point of view, but also from a semantic and communicative point of view. The problem of the article is to clarify the peculiarities of the expression of syntactic units in the Ukrainian language,
since they (phrases, sentences and text) cover the syntactic level of the language and are inherent only to them; in the analysis of syntactic unit models. Examples of sentences are from the historical poem of Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky “The Aeneid”, which depicts centuries-old folk culture, and in which the author introduced the main vocabulary of the national language, greatly enriching it. Among the three syntactic units, the most peripheral place
is the phrase. The phrase is used to refer to a certain element of reality. It consists of two or more components that are connected by a contract or a court connection. The study of phrase syntax is extremely relevant, because it helps to understand the general structure of utterances and text, and therefore the syntax, as a linguistic discipline, has three parts, namely, the doctrine of phrase, the doctrine of the word and the doctrine of the text. Syntax is a component of a language system that is inextricably linked to its other components and whose subject matter is the structure of a connected language, the syntactic structure of the language. The second syntactic unit is a sentence. Classifying sentences by composition, they are divided into simple and complex. By structure, simple sentences (PR) are as follows: two-fold and onefold, common and non-common, complete and incomplete. It is impossible to imagine languages without a third syntactic unit – text as a communicative phenomenon and a linguistic unit. The text is a work of speech-making process, which has a completeness, highlighted in the form of a written document, a literary work (a poem), consisting of a title, in our case – “The Aeneid”, and a number of special units combined by different types of lexical, grammatical, logical and stylistic connections.

The semantic approach to the study of syntax shows quite clearly that the basic sphere of syntactic units is the sphere of meaning, which uses the entire linguistic arsenal to express an opinion.

Studies of the features of the basic syntactic unit (sentence) are now the focus of attention of linguistic scientists.